The existence of permanent crises in the world causes people to migrate to different countries and regions that are safer than their current country or region. These people who migrate to another country seek asylum in the countries they go to, and then stay in those countries by gaining various international protection statuses. These protection statuses are of great importance to our country, which is subject to all kinds of refugee influxes. Among the asylum seekers coming to our country, refugee status is given only to those coming from European countries, while conditional refugee status is given to people coming from outside European countries, and other individual asylum seekers who do not comply with this status but are under the threat of persecution are granted secondary protection status. Additionally, in case of mass migration, temporary protection status may be granted to individuals.
International Protection and Temporary Protection are different types of protection that grant a person the right to live safely in a country due to threats or dangers they face. Here are the details of each concept:
International Protection
International protection is a type of protection provided to individuals who are forced to flee their countries due to persecution, war, human rights violations, or other dangers. In Turkey, this type of protection is generally categorized into two main categories:
Asylum Seekers: Individuals who apply for asylum and are granted international protection status. These individuals are at serious risk of harm in their home countries.
Refugee Status: The applications made by foreigners seeking refugee in another country. If the application is accepted, these individuals begin to live under international protection.
International protection grants individuals various rights, including the right to live safely, access to healthcare, education, and the right to work.
Temporary Protection
Temporary protection is a type of protection provided for a specific period, especially in cases of large-scale migration ( war, natural disasters, or mass human movements). This protection is used as an urgent solution to ensure individuals can live safely. In Turkey, temporary protection has been particularly applied to refugees from Syria. The status of temporary protection has the following characteristics:
Temporary Duration: This protection is valid for a specific period and may be extended depending on the situation.
Social and Economic Rights: Individuals with temporary protection status are granted fundamental social and economic rights, such as access to healthcare, education, and the right to work.
Family Reunification: Those under temporary protection have the right to reunite with their family members.
Asylum Application: The status of temporary protection also allows individuals to later apply for international protection.
Both types of protection are important supports provided by states to safeguard people’s lives and security.
Differences Between International Protection and Temporary Protection
International protection and temporary protection are two different types of protection implemented to ensure the safety of migrants and refugees. Here are the key differences between these two types of protection:
1. Scope and Duration
International Protection: Typically provided to asylum seekers or individuals making refugee claims. This protection can be considered a permanent status and grants individuals certain rights. Its duration is indefinite, and once individuals gain protection status, they may apply for permanent residency.
Temporary Protection: Provided in cases of large-scale forced migration (war, natural disasters) as an urgent form of protection. It is valid for a specific period and may be extended depending on the situation. Temporary protection status is usually granted to specific groups or populations.
2. Target Audience
International Protection: Applicable to individuals at risk of persecution or serious harm. Asylum seekers or those making refugee claims fall under this category.
Temporary Protection: Generally applicable to a specific group of people resulting from mass mobility or emergencies (those coming from the Syrian civil war). This protection covers individuals from a particular country or region.
3. Rights and Support
International Protection: Refugees who obtain international protection status enjoy a broader set of rights, including access to health services, education, the right to work, and social benefits.
Temporary Protection: Individuals under temporary protection also have access to basic rights ( health, education), but these rights may be more limited and can cease when the temporary protection expires.
4. Application Process
International Protection: Individuals can apply for international protection by submitting an asylum application. This process may require more detailed scrutiny.
Temporary Protection: Typically implemented automatically as a result of a specific emergency, and individuals do not need to undergo a separate application process. Temporary protection is applied as a rapid solution.
These differences are important for understanding how each type of protection works and in what circumstances they are applied. Both systems aim to protect individuals’ lives and safety.
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